Prevalence and determinants of full immunization among children under five in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2013–2025)

Full immunization coverage in SSA remains well below global targets, with wide disparities by country, socioeconomic status, and maternal healthcare utilization. Strengthening maternal health services, improving education, and addressing health system barriers are critical to improving coverage and reducing preventable child deaths in the region.