Acute effect of cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation on the signal-averaged P-wave

The observed changes in signal-averaged P-wave parameters during cryoballoon PVI may indicate acute intraprocedural effects on atrial electrophysiology. These exploratory findings suggest that high-resolution, non-invasive ECG recordings are capable to detect stepwise changes of electrical atrial activity, offering new perspectives for intraprocedural assessment of ablation effects.