Mitochondrial DNA Fragment Dynamics in Acute and Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Insights From Human and Nonhuman Primate Models

Chronic HIV infection and treated SIV infection are associated with reduced ccf-mtDNA levels, particularly in advanced disease stages. Further research is needed to clarify their role in immune activation, chronic inflammation, and aging-related comorbidities in PWH and their applicability as clinically relevant biomarkers of these processes.