Digital accessibility and equity: the need for stronger regulations and the imperative of innovation

Abstract Equitable access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is fundamental for participation in societal and economic activities. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) underscores the rights of persons with disabilities to enjoy human rights and fundamental freedom without discrimination. Although nations who are signatories to the CRPD have introduced regulatory reforms, a profound digital divide exists in these countries adversely impacting individuals with disabilities. In this paper, we first examine the CRPD’s provisions related to digital accessibility, highlighting their technology implications and their impact on policy and practice. We construct a timeline of legislative efforts by key signatories to the CRPD to understand the extent of progress made and gaps in encompassing digital accessibility. Innovation is key to bridging this digital divide. By analyzing the role of social regulations in stimulating innovations, we offer insights into the pathways for harnessing innovation. Examples of such innovation include artificial intelligence-driven assistive technologies, immersive experiences enabled by augmented and virtual reality, and the underlying technologies of smart homes and smart cities. Our research also underlines the significant challenges that persist in achieving equity, including cost barriers, awareness gaps, and the need for robust legal and regulatory frameworks and standards. Ultimately, our work contributes to a deeper understanding of the CRPD’s role in shaping digital accessibility and equity globally and underscores the transformative potential of innovation in achieving a more inclusive digital future for everyone.