An update on micro- and nanoplastics in foods from plastic food contact articles: Protocol for a systematic evidence map

Background: The normal and intended use of plastic food packaging and other food contact articles (FCAs) leads to the migration of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) into food and beverages, resulting in human exposure. In 2022, we systematically assessed the state of science on this topic. However, at the time, reliable data on MNP release from FCAs into food were scarce, and since then, research has expanded significantly. Objectives: We aim to update our dataset with the latest evidence of MNPs detected in foodstuffs in contact with plastic FCAs. To achieve this, we will systematically map the literature based on a Population, and Outcomes (PO) framework. Search strategy and eligibility criteria: We will search Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct for combinations of search terms related to FCAs, packaging, foodstuffs/food simulants, plastic particles, and abrasion/release. Cited references from relevant reports will also be included. In a two-step screening process, we will apply predefined eligibility criteria to titles and abstracts of all references, followed by a screening of full texts. Data extraction: According to defined data categories, we will collect information on types and characteristics of the FCAs, MNPs, food/food simulant, and the experimental design. Synthesis and visualization: Results will be published as a narrative summary, and data in the freely accessible, filterable FCMiNo dashboard.