Effets indésirables neurologiques des inhibiteurs de points de contrôle immunitaire

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment and significantly improved survival in many tumour types. However, blocking the immune system's inhibitory signaling pathways can trigger an excessive immune response against the body's own tissues, leading to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These can potentially affect any organ system and represent a significant clinical challenge. This article provides a practical overview of irAEs management, with a particular focus on neurological complications. It presents evidence-based strategies for prevention, diagnosis and treatment, and discusses decision criteria for resuming ICI treatment after an irAE.