Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus in children of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

BACKGROUND : The study of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of any pathology in regions with a centralized medical care system is very informative. Thus, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is very interesting for conducting epidemiological studies in view of the possibility of accounting for all cases of diabetes in children in the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Gastroenterology of the Pediatric Center of the Republic hospital № 1 — the National Center of Medicine named after M.E. Nikolaev (RH№1 — NCM named after M.E. Nikolaev), the population of the region is ethnically heterogeneous. OBJECTIVE : To study the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). MATERIALS AND METHODS : The article describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in children in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). According to official statistics, an increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in children has been revealed in the period from 2018–2024. RESULTS : According to the data of the republican registry of the Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology of the Pediatric Center of the RH№1 — NCM named after M.E. Nikolaev, the age of the debut, the ethnic characteristics of the patient population, age-sex characteristics and features of therapy were determined. Over the past 7 years, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has seen a steady increase in the incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children aged 0–17 years. Yakut and Russian children suffer from type 1 diabetes equally often, and Yakut children mostly suffer from type 2 diabetes. The age of onset of type 1 diabetes is 10–14 years, and girls are more likely to be ill. 90% of children at the onset of type 1 diabetes are admitted in a state of ketoacidosis. In the treatment of type 1 diabetes, a combination of insulin analogues is used, with type 2 diabetes mainly metformin. CONCLUSION : The clinical and epidemiological situation of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) requires special attention and the adoption of new organizational measures within the framework of federal and regional programs.