Case report: <i>Ulocladium spp.</i> (mold) catheter-related peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis

Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PD peritonitis) is a serious complication of PD, with fungal cases carrying high morbidity and mortality. We report a 65-year-old female with PD peritonitis caused by <i>Ulocladium</i>, a filamentous fungus not previously implicated in the literature. She was asymptomatic at presentation but noticed black spots in her PD catheter lumen; effluent analysis confirmed peritonitis. Initial cultures grew nonspecific mold, prompting treatment initiation with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B and PD catheter removal. Final cultures identified <i>Ulocladium spp.</i>, sensitive to amphotericin B, and treatment continued for four weeks. The patient successfully resumed PD after treatment. This case highlights the need for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for fungal PD peritonitis in patients undergoing PD, and the importance of early initiation of systemic antifungals and prompt catheter removal to improve outcomes.