MODERN APPROACHES TO THE PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE

Enormous progress has been made in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). The heterogeneity of the disease's mechanisms, the variability of symptoms, and their progression are the main reasons for the complexity of pharmacotherapy for PD. Thanks to advances in experimental therapy, many promising treatment methods are emerging. Currently, dopamine-based drugs, such as levodopa and dopamine agonists, are used, as well as drugs that affect other neurotransmitter systems, such as MAO-B and COMT inhibitors. New treatment methods are being developed aimed at reducing neuroinflammation, including neuroprotective therapy, as well as immunotherapy and the use of stem cells. Novel therapies targeting neuroinflamma-tion are under development. These include neuroprotective strategies focused on mitochondria and oxidative stress, as well as innovative approaches such as immunization against alpha-synuclein, cell and gene therapy for delivering glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and stem cell transplantation. The identification of novel therapeutic targets and the advancement of personalized medicine are key objectives in the management of this disease