Spatial Transcriptomics Uncovers Hybrid, Pro-Inflammatory and Pro-Fibrotic Cellular Niches in Pulmonary Granuloma of Patients with Chronic Sarcoidosis

Taken together, macrophages in the center of the sarcoidosis granuloma form an armed-and-ready, hybrid pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic niche, supporting granuloma persistence through continuous IFN-γ stimulation and collagen expression by fibroblasts localized in periphery of granuloma.