Improving Pupils' Understanding on Electrical Conductors and Insulators through an Action Research

This action research study aimed to improve Year 2 pupils’ understanding of electrical conductors and insulators through the implementation of an instructional innovation known as KO-PEN Z. The study was guided by Andrew P. Johnson’s action research framework, which emphasizes systematic inquiry through the phases of problem identification, reflective planning, action, and evaluation. A total of 185 Year 2 pupils from five classes participated in the study. Data were collected using pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, classroom observations, and teacher reflections. Findings revealed substantial improvement in pupils’ conceptual understanding, with post-intervention results indicating 100% mastery across all assessed items. The study demonstrates that Andrew P. Johnson’s action research design provides an effective structure for teacher-led instructional improvement and highlights the value of hands-on learning in primary science education.