Wiminyji in the Western Desert: Martu knowledge reveals historical declines of northern quolls in arid Australia

Context Since European settlement, the northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus) or wiminyji, a marsupial predator native to northern Australia, has experienced significant declines across much of its range due to invasive predators, habitat destruction, altered fire regimes, and the introduction of cane toads (Rhinella marina). While declines are well documented in most populations, there is limited Western scientific evidence to suggest that similar declines have occurred within the Pilbara population – the most arid section of the species’ range. Aims Here, we aim to document accounts relating to wiminyji, including its historical distribution, habitat use, and threats, from Martu Elders, the Traditional Owners of the western desert region in Western Australia and the easternmost extent of the species’ Pilbara range. Methods On-country ninti, or knowledge sessions, with Martu Elders were conducted following culturally appropriate protocols in Karlamilyi National Park, near the site where a small population of wiminyji was first detected by Western science in 2012. Testimonies regarding the distribution and ecology of wiminyji were recorded and are presented here in the context of existing knowledge from a Western scientific perspective. Key results Martu Elders recalled wiminyji as historically widespread across both sandy and rocky habitats, including areas now well outside their known contemporary range. Their accounts suggest that significant declines occurred within the span of two to three generations, attributed to the impacts of feral predators and altered fire regimes. Conclusions This study demonstrates that Martu knowledge provides a critical historical baseline for wiminyji, revealing extensive declines in arid Australia that were previously undocumented by Western science. Implications Accounts from Martu Elders fill an important gap in the Western understanding of the wiminyji’s historical distribution, providing a more accurate baseline against which the species’ current status can be assessed. In addition, they offer valuable ecological insights that align with trends identified in recent research.