State of the small intestinal microbiome in adolescents with constitutional-exogenous obesity and lipid metabolism disorders

Introduction. The intestinal microbiome has attracted much attention from scientists worldwide due to its complex interaction with many diseases, including obesity, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: to study the state of the small intestinal microbiome in adolescents with constitutional-exogenous obesity and lipid metabolism disorders. Materials and methods. A one-time case-control study was conducted on 50 adolescents aged 12-17 years with constitutional-exogenous obesity of grades 2-4 living in St. Petersburg. Complaints, life history data and disease, objective clinical examination, and laboratory and instrumental research results were assessed. In particular, special attention was paid to the analysis of the lipidogram. The state of the parietal microbiota of the small intestine was studied by the method of blood gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MSMM) (according to the author’s method of Osipov G.A.). Statistical data processing was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0 program (USA). Results and discussion. Analysis of the quantitative composition of the small intestine microbiome showed that there was a redistribution of phylotypes. It was characterized by a general decrease in the number of all identified bacteria and the predominance of Firmicutes microorganisms. Moreover, with hypercholesterolemia, an increase in clostridium propionicum, lactobacillus spp and lactococcus spp was noted, and with hypertriglyceridemia, a decrease in micromycete spp (sitosterol). Our data were comparable with the results of work conducted by scientists from China. However, a number of foreign studies have shown that lactobacilli contribute to a decrease in the level of total cholesterol, LDL. This problem requires further study. Conclusion. In adolescents with obesity and dyslipidemia, the microbiome of the small intestine was found to have a decreased diversity and a predominance of Firmicutes microorganisms, a decreased amount of micromycete spp (sitosterol).