Blockchain in Dynamic Supply Chain: A Review

This paper reviews the application of blockchain technology in the dynamic supply chain management to enhance the transparency, data integrity and coordination among stakeholders. Blockchain was created to record transactions in a secure and transparent way without depending on a central authority. Traditional supply chains face several challenges including lack of traceability, data inconsistency, counterfeiting, delayed data sharing and dependence on centralized control systems. This study explains a systematic review methodology, analyzing recent academic literature, industry reports and real-world implementations of blockchain across different supply chain sectors to address these challenges. Some case examples such as the food traceability solution implemented by Walmart, blockchain adoption in pharmaceutical supply chains, healthcare in blockchain and blockchain-enabled logistics solutions are reviewed to evaluate practical applications. The results indicate that blockchain’s fundamental feature of immutability, decentralization and smart contracts provide effective solutions to supply chain challenges by enabling secure data sharing, real-time tracking, automated compliance and improved trust among participants. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements and identifies future opportunities for utilizing blockchain to build resilient, adaptive and data-driven supply chain networks.