The Impact of Social Media on the Mental Health and Self-esteem of Adolescents

Introduction. The growing influence of social media on adolescent culture requires systematic study of its impact on the mental health and self-esteem of young people. Existing studies show conflicting results regarding the nature of this influence. Objective. To investigate the relationship between social media, use, mental health, and self-esteem in adolescents, and to develop recommendations for reducing psychological stress. Materials and methods. A comprehensive study was conducted using mixed methods, including a systematic literature review, meta-analysis, quantitative survey, and semi-structured interviews. Standardized methods were used: The Social Media Usage Intensity Scale (SMUIS), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Mathematical data processing was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis, and Student's t-test. Results. A significant negative correlation was found between the intensity of social media use and self-esteem, as well as a positive correlation with anxiety and depression levels. A curvilinear relationship was found between social media use and psychological well-being, with moderate use associated with the most positive outcomes. Significant gender differences were identified: girls demonstrate greater vulnerability to the negative effects of social networks. Discussion. The impact of social media on the psychological well-being of adolescents is complex and is modeled by a number of factors, including intensity of use, gender, and individual personality traits. Moderate and conscious use of social media is associated with more positive psychological outcomes. Recommendations have been developed for parents, educators, and mental health professionals aimed at fostering healthy patterns of social media use among adolescents.