Unmasking the silent threat: Prevalence of peripheral artery disease among patients of Indian descent during cardiovascular screenings

<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Objectives</h3> Individuals of Indian (IA) descent are broadly categorized as "Asian," a group historically associated with lower cardiovascular (CV) risk. Emerging evidence suggests heterogeneity in CV disease risk among Asian subgroups. This study evaluates peripheral artery disease (PAD) prevalence and risk factors among IA participants screened at Comprehensive Heart and Multidisciplinary Limb Preservation Outreach Networks (CHAMPIONS) programs. <h3>Methods</h3> Between 2022-2025, providers conducted screenings and delivered education on PAD and its risk factors at CHAMPIONS events. Demographics and CV risk factors were collected. Individuals were categorized by self-reported race/ethnicity, with specific attention to those identifying as IA descent. Comparative analysis was performed. <h3>Results</h3> 624 participants (190 IA and 438 Non-IA) were screened with mean age 50±17 and 47% male. IA participants were more likely to have diabetes (DM, p=.002), hyperlipidemia (p=.006), and hypertension (p=.047). IA participants more commonly reported a family history of vascular disease (p<.001) and were found at risk for PAD (p<.001), compared to non-IA participants. On subgroup analysis of participants of Asian descent, compared to non-IA Asian ethnicities, IA participants were older (55 vs 45, p=.001), more commonly reported a family history of vascular disease (23% vs 18%, p=.001) with higher PAD risk (62% vs 46%, p=.032). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Individuals of Indian descent screened at CHAMPIONS events were more likely to meet guideline-based criteria for being at risk for PAD, driven by higher prevalence of established cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, DM, and stronger hereditary disposition, . Although confirmed PAD prevalence based on ABI/TBI was not higher in this group, these findings highlight a distinct cardiovascular risk profile and underscore the importance of early risk identification and targeted prevention strategies in population with elevated cardiovascular risk