Impact of sex and gender medicine on antibiotic research and use: a narrative review of existing evidence

Sex-aware prescribing is a practical and necessary step toward equitable care. Key obstacles include historical underrepresentation of women in trials and insufficient sex-disaggregated data. We advocate for powering future trials for sex-specific analyses, updating clinical guidelines, and using decision support tools for dose adjustments. Integrating a gender lens into all levels of antimicrobial stewardship is essential to move from simply describing disparities to actively closing them.