Willingness to accept insect-based aquafeeds in Arab markets: drivers, barriers, and lessons from the European experience

Abstract Aquaculture in the Arab region has grown rapidly over the past two decades. Nonetheless, its sustainability faces challenges due to reliance on costly imported protein sources. Insect meals have emerged as potential alternatives, yet the region’s willingness to accept (WTA) insect-based aquafeeds remains largely unexplored. This study surveyed consumers ( ) and industry stakeholders ( ) across five Arab countries, examining WTA in relation to sociodemographic, cultural, religious, and economic factors, while drawing insights from the European experience. WTA levels varied, with 61% of consumers and 80% of stakeholders expressing WTA. Despite these relatively high rates, knowledge regarding insect meals and WTA remained limited, with 14% of consumers and 60% of stakeholders demonstrating adequate understanding. For both consumers and stakeholders, statistically significant predictors of willingness to adopt insect-based aquafeeds included age, knowledge, and exposure to relevant information. Consumers were influenced by income, fish species consumed, and emotional barriers, while stakeholders were affected by price sensitivity. Cultural and religious beliefs, environmental awareness, and health and safety were not significant determinants. Current WTA levels indicate that the Arab market is well-positioned to adopt insect-based aquafeeds. Strengthening regulatory frameworks, introducing Halal certification, enhancing institutional arrangements, promoting participatory stakeholder governance, and improving communication could further increase WTA. Simultaneously, scaling up production, investing in R&D, and reducing insect meal production costs would support adoption. Together, these measures can accelerate the wider use of insect-based aquafeeds and contribute to sustainable aquaculture, resilience to climate-related risks, and improved food security across the Arab region.