Efficacy of injectable versus topical formulation of ivermectin against Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes feeding on different body locations of treated Holstein calves

Determining the body location(s) where zoophagic Anopheles mosquitoes feed on livestock (e.g., legs) will allow targeted application and methods (e.g., foot baths) for more efficient use of topical formulations of ivermectin as part of an integrated zoophagic vector management strategy.