Functional roles of microRNAs in pancreatic islet autoimmunity: what do we know and where do we target?

The clinical translation of these insights remains hindered by limited access to human tissues, inconsistent candidate validation, and lack of delivery systems capable of targeting pancreatic beta-cells. Bridging mechanistic understanding with advanced delivery systems may transform miRNAs both as biomarkers and active therapeutic agents, opening a path toward precision interventions in T1D.