Transcriptomic, physiological, and biochemical responses of turmeric (Curcuma longa) to heat stress

Abstract Turmeric ( Curcuma longa ) is an economically important crop native to hot and humid regions of India. The current study aims to establish the basis for a multifaceted understanding of turmeric plants’ cellular and physiological responses to heat stress. We combined transcriptomic (RNA-seq) analysis, real-time photosynthesis data, and profiles of emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) to interpret the responses of turmeric plants to heat stress. RNAseq data indicated significant differential expression in 41.8% of genes, with photosynthesis-related genes overrepresented. Photosynthetic rate measurements demonstrated an almost complete failure of photosynthesis at 41 °C, followed by incomplete recovery at a normal temperature of 21 °C. Emissions of almost all detected BVOCs increased considerably during periods of heat treatment. The data establishes the ontological gene groups most affected, estimates the temperature tolerance of turmeric, and provides insights into plant responses to climate change.