Renal impairment in Multiple Myeloma

Background: Nephrological changes in Multiple Myeloma occur mostly because of abnormal proteins (light chains) production by myeloma cells which causes deterioration of kidney functions. The aim of the study was to determine the renal impairment in multiple myeloma patients. Method: A total of 159 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma aged 24 to 85 patients were selected in this retrospective cross-sectional study conducted from January 2017 to December 2020 according to the selection criteria. Result: The study sample consists of 103 (64.8%) male patients and 56 (35.2%) female patients. The median age of the patients was 63±13 years. Among them, 6.9% patients were less than 40 years old, and 32.7% patients were more than 70 years old. Renal impairment was found in 86 (54%) patients. The highest incidence of renal impairment was found in 55–69-year age group and p-value was not statistically significant. Monoclonal gammopathy was detected in 138 (93.9%) patients. The study also stated that IgG Kappa was found in 41.8% patients, Kappa Light Chain was 4.1% and Lambda Light Chain was found in 4.1% patients. Conclusion: Multiple myeloma with renal involvement is a medical emergency. It needs immediate management, and the treatment plan is different in some regards. So, detection of nephrological abnormalities and treated accordingly is very crucial.