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This chapter assesses India's progress toward achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals 1 (No Poverty) and 5 (Gender Equality). Using time-series data, it examines trends and patterns in poverty alleviation and gender equality over recent years. The chapter is divided into two segments. The first part evaluates India's poverty reduction efforts, analysing the distribution of poverty and significant government initiatives. The second part focuses on gender equality, examining key variables and developments. This study provides an analytical perspective on the design and effectiveness of poverty reduction and gender equality programs in India. It identifies trends, challenges, and potential research avenues, aiming to inform policy formulation and future evaluations. Ultimately, this research seeks to deepen understanding of poverty and gender disparity in India, providing insights to support evidence-based policymaking and drive progress toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.