Optimizing Jet Pump Performance and Flow Assurance in Emulsified Injection Fluids: A Case Study from the Kurdistan Field

Abstract Flow assurance remains a critical challenge in the oil and gas industry, particularly when handling emulsified injection fluids like foamy liquids (including power fluid and produce fluids). These fluids, characterized by dispersed gas bubbles, can significantly impact jet pump efficiency; widely used in artificial lift and enhanced oil recovery. This study examines the challenges associated with foamy reservoir return and injection fluids and presents strategies to optimize jet pump performance under such conditions. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted using various jet pump configurations with controlled foamy fluid injections, with chemical injection at 12 liters/day. Key parameters including providing ample residence time, gas-to-oil ratio (GOR) and injection conditions, were systematically varied to assess their impact on jet pump efficiency. Jet Evaluation and Modeling Software (JEMS) simulations were used to analyze pressure fluctuations, identify cavitation-prone zones, and refine the jet pump design. The optimized 13D Nozzle/Throat combination of jet pump configuration was selected for field implementation. Field tests revealed that increased gas production with increased production of oil posed significant challenges, including foam-induced damage to surface multiplex pump valves. Foam stability tests indicated that certain chemical injections further stabilized the foam, complicating flow assurance. JEMS simulations accurately predicted real-world performance, highlighting how foam-induced flow regime changes affected pressure profiles within the jet pump. These insights enabled targeted design modifications, leading to a significant improvement in performance. The optimized jet pump successfully restored production to 3,700 BPD at pump setting depth of 5,000 feet TVD and pump intake pressure of 1,290 psi; from a previously non-producing well and has operated efficiently for over sixteen months without issues. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of foamy injection fluids impact on jet pump performance, offering practical solutions to mitigate flow assurance challenges. The combination of anti-foaming chemicals, optimized injection parameters, and a refined jet pump design significantly reduced operational downtime and costs while maximizing production. These findings serve as a valuable reference for designing and operating jet pump systems in emulsified fluid environments.