Impact of preoperative frailty on complications, readmissions, and functional recovery following total knee arthroplasty in elderly patients

Preoperative frailty is associated with increased complications, extended LOS, higher readmissions, and impaired functional recovery in elderly TKA patients in this Pakistani cohort. These findings are most directly applicable to tertiary care centers in Pakistan with comparable patient complexity and resource availability. Extrapolation to primary care or markedly different healthcare systems requires further validation. Routine frailty screening may aid risk stratification and perioperative management in similar settings, considering regional challenges such as high tuberculosis prevalence.