Combined Assessment of Skeletal Muscle Mass Index and Extracellular-to-Intracellular Water Ratio Predicts Mortality and Health-Related Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients

Combined assessment of SMI and ECW/ICW identifies muscle vulnerability and predicts mortality and HRQoL in hemodialysis patients. This simple, noninvasive approach may improve early detection of high-risk individuals and inform targeted interventions addressing nutrition, inflammation, and fluid management.