Socioeconomic influences on drunk driving recidivism: an integrated Prototype Willingness Model approach

This study reveals that drunk driving recidivism is influenced by the interplay of psychological constructs and socioeconomic characteristics, with attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control playing key roles in decision-making. Applying MANOVA to the PWM framework facilitates identification of group differences and supports multi-level, targeted interventions. It is recommended that government implement integrated measures combining legal enforcement, education, and social counseling to reduce recidivism and enhance traffic safety. Given the study's cross-sectional design, reliance on self-reported data, and regional limitations, future research should adopt longitudinal designs and larger samples to improve generalizability and policy applicability.