Validation of the Embarrassment, Guilt, and Shame Scale among veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder.

The EGSS shows promise as a psychometrically sound measure that assesses three distinct NSEs linked to PTSD symptoms. It also offers promise for improving treatment planning by identifying emotional barriers to recovery. However, findings are based on a single veteran sample. Replications with more diverse populations are necessary to strengthen the generalizability and reliability of the EGSS across psychiatric conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).