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This thesis examines practices surrounding the diagnosis of gynecological cancers, particularly breast cancer and cervical cancer, in Gabon. It analyzes their impact on patients' psychological state and quality of life. In a context where these diseases constitute a major epidemiological burden in sub-Saharan Africa, characterized by incidence and mortality rates above the regional average, an in-depth analysis of how diagnoses are communicated is essential.The study is structured around several complementary components. The first phase of the research consisted of a systematic review of diagnostic disclosure practices in sub-Saharan Africa. This review revealed a notable gap: the almost universal absence of structured protocols adapted to cultural and organizational realities. This deficiency contributes to exacerbating patients' emotional distress, a finding corroborated by recent scientific literature.In Gabon, the investigation continued at the Akanda Cancer Institute through a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) study. The results highlighted a significant deterioration in the psychological state of patients after diagnosis, underscoring the need for early, personalized psychosocial support. At the same time, the assessment of quality of life, conducted using validated questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-BR23, QLQ-CX24), confirmed a deterioration in well-being, particularly among patients in advanced stages of the disease and with limited socioeconomic resources. These results highlight the multidimensional influence of clinical, social, and psychological factors on the experience of the disease.Based on these findings, a structured diagnosis disclosure protocol was developed and implemented in several Gabonese hospitals. Evaluation of the implementation of this tool revealed good acceptability among medical staff. Healthcare professionals recognized its benefits in terms of clarity of communication and support for patients. At the same time, patients generally appreciated this structured approach, while expressing an increased need for compassion, listening, and sufficient time for discussion. These observations highlight the need to further integrate the relational dimension and empathy into the protocol.In conclusion, this pioneering work makes an original and significant contribution to scientific literature by focusing on the Gabonese context and, more broadly, the African context. It demonstrates the need for comprehensive care that combines biomedical, psychosocial, and cultural approaches in order to improve the psychological well-being and quality of life of women affected by cancer.