Seroprevalence and Coinfection of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viruses in Western Uttar Pradesh: A Tertiary Care Hospital-Based Study

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain important causes of chronic liver disease (CLD) in India, sharing similar transmission routes and hepatotropic. HBV and HCV coinfection can lead to serious liver complications and an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most individuals infected with these viruses remain asymptomatic until the advanced stages of the disease, contributing to underdiagnosis and ongoing viral transmission. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and their coinfection among patients seeking care at a tertiary hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was done at a tertiary care academic health organization of North India from January 2022 to June 2025. A total of 73018 patients who were screened for HBV and HCV using rapid immunochromatography tests, followed by confirmation with a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CMIA). Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test; P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV was 2.58% and 3%, respectively, while HBV–HCV coinfection was observed in 0.11% of patients. Infection rates were higher in males than females (HBV: 71.8% vs. 28.2%; HCV: 60.5% vs. 35.5%). The highest prevalence was observed in the 26–35-year age group. The highest positivity was seen in patients in the Medicine and ART clinics. Conclusion: This study indicates a moderate burden of HBV and HCV infection in Western Uttar Pradesh, corresponding to India's intermediate endemicity zone. The high prevalence in young adults highlights the need for awareness, vaccination, and routine screening to prevent chronic complications and transmission. Key words: HBV; HCV; coinfection; seroprevalence