A new eudesmane type sesquiterpenoid from the stem bark of <i>Aglaia pachyphylla</i> with cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities

This study aims to isolate an undescribed eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid, phyllunone A (<b>1</b>), along with 5 known sesquiterpenoids from <i>n</i>-hexane extract of <i>Aglaia pachyphylla</i> stem bark. The structural elucidation of compound <b>1</b> was achieved using NMR, HRMS, ECD, and was further supported by computational calculation (TD-DFT and NMR DP4+). Phyllunone A (<b>1</b>) represented a new eudesmane skeleton bearing a 2,4(11)-dien-1-one moiety. In addition, compounds <b>1</b> to <b>6</b> were evaluated against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and anti-inflammatory activity (TNF-α production) in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS. The results revealed that only compounds <b>2</b>-<b>3</b> exhibited weak cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ 343 and 206 µM), while the others were inactive. In anti-inflammatory assay, compound <b>1</b> showed the highest inhibition of TNF-α production (49.3%), indicating its potential as a non-cytotoxic anti-inflammatory agent.