Urinary Biomarkers Objectively Measure Minimal Residual Disease in Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

We found ~20% eradication of cCIS from TURBT alone. cCIS was a poor metric of MRD, performing worse than abnormal pretreatment urinary cytology and utDNA. These urine biomarkers are more objective MRD measures than cCIS for NMIBC risk stratification and treatment assessment.