Exploring Insulin Resistance and Glucose Dysregulation in PCOS: Current Diagnostics and Emerging Therapies.

The common endocrine disorder known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is characterized by insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Accurate diagnosis is still challenging since gold standard procedures, such as the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, are not practical for daily use. Surrogate markers such as HOMA-IR and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) have limitations while being often used. The primary therapeutic options are lifestyle changes and insulin-sensitizing drugs, however treatment is hampered by patient variability and adherence issues. By describing current diagnostic techniques and underlining treatment challenges in managing metabolic dysfunction in PCOS, this review highlights the need for improved screening and tailored care.