Severity of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Manifest in Physiological and Behavioral Metrics Collected from a Consumer-Grade Wearable Ring

ABSTRACT Wearable devices can collect changes in human behaviors related to mental health including depression and anxiety. Here, we examined whether and how digital metrics from a consumer-grade wearable smart ring (Oura Ring) differed by severity of depression and anxiety symptoms using data from a large-scale population-based sample of young adults (n=1,290, age range: 33–35). Participants wore the ring for two weeks, assessing sleep architecture, nocturnal heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and movement intensity. Mental health symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item and Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 scales. On average, participants with higher depression and/or anxiety symptoms had lower levels of rapid eye movement and had higher levels of deep and light sleep, elevated nocturnal HR, reduced HRV, and lower daytime movement compared to non-symptom individuals. Findings suggest that symptoms of depression and anxiety may manifest in physiological and behavioral metrics collected by consumer-grade wearable devices.