A Multidimensional Analysis of Constraints to Rice-Farming Technology Adoption among Smallholder Farmers in Ghana

Technology adoption is crucial for enhancing smallholder agricultural productivity. However, adoption rates for most rice-farming technologies in many parts of the developing world, including Ghana, remain consistently low. This study examines the constraints affecting smallholder farmers’ adoption of different rice farming technologies, with a focus on the Bono and Volta regions of Ghana. Data were obtained from 344 randomly selected farmers through a questionnaire survey. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Our findings revealed clear differences in adoption levels, with improved seed varieties (74%) and fertilizers (56%) showing the highest adoption rates, whereas machinery, line sowing, and soil bunding had the lowest rates (each <50%). The analysis underscores that constraints are highly technology-specific. High input costs and limited access to credit were perceived as major socioeconomic barriers to the adoption of fertilizers and machinery. In contrast, institutional constraints – such as limited access to training, delayed input supply, and weak extension services – were the dominant barriers to the adoption of improved seed varieties and line sowing. Technical constraints, including the perceived complexity of technologies, significantly hindered the adoption of machinery and soil bunding. Overcoming these challenges is critical for enhancing smallholder farmers’ productivity and livelihood.