Excessive salt intake in the Commonwealth of Independent States: current status and causes. How to reduce the burden? Analytical article of the working group "Health Economics and Population Prevention" of the Basic Organization of the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States in Internal and Preventive Medicine

Excessive salt intake (ESI) is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide. Countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), united by shared historical, cultural, and culinary traditions, face this problem on a particularly significant scale. Aim. To summarize data on the prevalence of ESI in the CIS countries, analyze its causes, and present the countries' experiences in implementing measures to limit salt consumption at the population level. Material and methods. We analyzed available literature and surveyed experts from Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan as part of the working group "Health Economics and Population Prevention" of the CIS Basic Organization in Internal and Preventive Medicine. The experts provided detailed answers to questions about the level and sources of salt consumption, regional variability, iodized salt use, and current population-based measures. Results. Average 24-hour salt consumption in the CIS countries is 2-3,5 times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended safe level (5 g/day), ranging from 9,8 g/day in Armenia to 17,8 g/day in Kazakhstan. The main dietary sources of salt are bread, processed meat and dairy products, national dishes, and beverages. The key ESI causes are ingrained cultural and culinary traditions and the lack of comprehensive regulatory frameworks. Mandatory universal salt iodization is enshrined in law only in some CIS countries (Armenia, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan). Measures to reduce excess salt consumption in the region are fragmented and primarily limited to information campaigns. There is a lack of mandatory labeling, legal restrictions on salt content in products, and advertising. Conclusion. CIS countries face a similar, significant problem of excess salt consumption, requiring coordinated action. The most effective approach is the implementation of comprehensive national strategies combining legislative, regulatory, and educational measures. Reducing excess salt intake is recognized as a high-return investment in public health. To achieve greater impact, coordinated actions are needed across international platforms, such as the CIS and the Eurasian Economic Union.