Metagenomic insights into the urban–rural variation of antimicrobial resistance and pathogen reservoirs in untreated wastewater from central India

These findings show that wastewater metagenomics sensitively resolved clinically relevant pathogens and ARGs in an Indian urban-rural setting, capturing nuanced geographic structure. Integrating routine DNA metagenomics into One Health environmental surveillance could strengthen AMR early warning and guide interventions in resource-constrained contexts.