JAK-STAT and IL-17 pathway dysregulation underlies persistent immune dysfunction in ART-experienced people living with HIV in Ghana

ART attenuates systemic inflammation and partially restores immune balance in PLWH in Ghana, but recovery remains functionally dysregulated, with persistent chemotactic signaling and impaired mucosal and JAK-STAT-mediated immunity. IL-1β, IL-10, GM-CSF, RANTES, and IP-10 emerge as prognostic markers of disease progression and potential targets for adjunctive immunotherapies. These findings underscore the need for immune-modulatory strategies to optimize ART outcomes in West Africa.