Impact of Drafting on Race Outcome in the Paris Olympics 1500-m Final: A Retrospective Analysis of Ingebrigtsen and Hocker Using the D′ Balance Model

Without a consideration for drafting, prerace and within-race predicted times favored Ingebrigtsen beating Hocker at the Paris Olympics 1500-m final. However, when drafting was considered, eventual gold medalist Hocker was favored to beat Ingebrigtsen, indicating the potential role that drafting played on this race outcome.