Checklist of the Mammal Species of Spain - 2025

This checklist presents an updated list of Spanish mammals, covering the country?s mainland territories, archipelagos, Spanish enclaves in North Africa, and Spanish marine demarcations. The explicitly defined inclusion categories and criteria are: i) mammal species with wild populations that breed or complete part of their life cycle within the territories described in the study area; ii) species that meet the previous criterion but are currently extinct, with reliable records of their presence after 1500 CE; and iii) occasional species that reach the study area naturally. Established exclusion categories include: i) domestic species, including those that reproduce naturally in the wild; ii) species that only have captive breeding populations; and iii) introduced or escaped species into the study area that do not currently have wild breeding populations.