Timing-dependent anti-inflammatory effects of empagliflozin in monocyte-derived macrophages from post-myocardial infarct patients with type 2 diabetes

Early empagliflozin administration in T2DM-AMI patients was associated with modulation of NLRP3-related inflammatory and senescence pathways in patient-derived macrophages, benefits observed when cells were stimulated ex-vivo with an inflammatory stimulus. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the timing-dependent anti-inflammatory effects of EMPA and underscore its potential for immediate post-AMI use to reduce inflammation and lower residual cardiovascular risk, supporting further clinical investigation.