Gait stability in peripheral artery disease: a phase-dependent analysis using gait tube methodology

GTS revealed phase-specific gait deficits in PAD, especially during weight acceptance and early stance, indicating a constrained, energy-conserving strategy that may elevate fall risk. By detecting critical instability phases, GTS can guide targeted physical therapy, assistive device use, and optimal timing for robotic or exoskeleton support-supporting personalized interventions and offering a sensitive tool for clinical gait stability assessment.