Designing a Trace-Monitor-and-Act Surveillance Framework for Preventing Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in Ghana

Foodborne diseases remain a major cause of illness in Ghana, yet surveillance is fragmented across paper forms and disconnected systems, delaying outbreak detection and response. We propose a stakeholder co-designed, federated surveillance architecture. From 20 interviews with FDA, GHS, EHOs, labs, food FPPVs, PHRs, and IT experts, we derive requirements and designed an HL7 FHIR-enabled architecture with offline reporting, traceability, real-time alerts, and role-based governance to enable earlier outbreak prevention.