Ultra low zapping time with optimized I-frame delivery method for next-generation video streaming technologies

Low-latency video streaming has become increasingly critical in applications such as interactive broadcasting, cloud gaming, and live events. Conventional adaptive streaming protocols, including RTMP, HLS, SRT, and WebRTC [1], have notably improved streaming quality and reduced latency for high-resolution streams. However, these approaches continue to suffer from latency in the range of several hundred milliseconds [2], limiting their suitability for highly interactive use cases. Recent research on HESP [3][4] has shown significant progress in reducing latency and zapping time on the last mile to 100 ms for 1080p stream, while optimized WebRTC [5] has demonstrated sub 100 ms latency for 1080p stream and 126 ms for 1440p stream.