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The chapter presents a comprehensive overview of MEMS (microelectromechanical system)-based sensors addressing a critical gap in the existing literature. By delving into their key features, working principles, and diverse applications, we provide a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals. Our exploration encompasses many MEMS sensors, including pressure, accelerometers, gyroscopes, bolometers, magnetic, humidity, flow, optical, biosensors, and microphones. We emphasize the distinctive characteristics of MEMS sensors to provide a comprehensive overview of the MEMS landscape. Additionally, we address the previously unexplored role of MEMS in quantum technology. This chapter sheds light on the contributions of MEMS to the development of quantum sensors demonstrating their potential to revolutionize various fields such as quantum computing, communication, and sensing. We begin by tracing the origins of MEMS sensors to biological inspiration highlighting how the remarkable sensing capabilities of organisms, like the “Touch-Me-Not” plant, have influenced the development of these miniature devices. Next, we delve into the fundamentals of MEMS technology, including fabrication techniques, materials, and design principles. MEMS sensors stand out due to their remarkable combination of miniaturization, energy efficiency, and sensitivity. The chapter delves into the wide-ranging applications of MEMS sensors extending beyond traditional sectors. A table of the consolidated list of sensors, including their functions and basic structural requirements, is also provided. Finally, we discuss the future of MEMS technology in the emerging field of quantum, which combines the principles of quantum mechanics with MEMS technology to create novel devices with unprecedented capabilities. In conclusion, this chapter comprehensively explores MEMS sensors encompassing their historical development, present-day applications, and future prospects. We anticipate that MEMS technology will continue to be a driving force in the evolution of sensing capabilities fostering innovation across diverse industries.