Cognitive Radio Networks for Energy-Efficient Spectrum Sharing in Sustainable Wireless Communications

The increasing demand of a wireless s connection and spectrum space has introduced CRNs into the vocabulary of energy-efficient communication. The article presents a unified dynamic spectrum management system in CR networks to support adaptive sensing, utility-based access, real-time power management and predictive channel allocation. Unlike the current schemes which have been based on modular component-level optimization, the current architecture emphasizes on cross-layer design to realize greater energy efficiency, less cross-layer interference, and more reliable networks overall deployment environments. Adaptive sensing module allows the nodes to adjust their detection threshold according to the variance of noise and signal-to-noise ratio and as such the node consumes less energy but retains spectral awareness. The utility function controlling the spectrum access mechanism takes into consideration the energy of the node, the latency of the node and the history of transmission in order to provide a fair and effective allocation of resources. A dynamic power control model is used to set the levels of power to attain desired SNRs and to eliminate interference. Moreover, ARIMA-GRU integrated predictor is aimed at forecasting channel availability and prevent overlapping sensing slots. Experimental outcomes on urban, rural, industrial, and mixed-network deployment conditions prove the enhancements of energy saving, throughput and lifetime of the network. The system is highly robust in different environments and is a scaled and workable solution to CRNs. Such outcomes will enhance self-sustaining wireless systems that can work in a spectrum limited and power constrained environment.