Structural Inequity as Unethical Practice

This study assessed structural inequity, exclusion, and discrimination in urban recreational parks in Northern Nigeria and their effects on access, participation, management, and general user satisfaction. The study tested the hypotheses that inequity in facility distribution does not significantly affect access to parks (H₀₁) and that exclusion does not significantly influence participation among women and persons with disabilities (H₀₂). A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed, collecting quantitative data from 320 park users via a structured 4-point Likert scale questionnaire and qualitative data from 20 key informants, including park managers, staff, and community leaders, through semi-structured interviews. The parks studied included Yankari Game Reserve, Jos Wildlife Park, Dagona Birds Sanctuary, Gashaka-Gumti National Park, Millennium Park Abuja, and Gorilla Park. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Findings revealed that inequity in facility distribution and exclusion significantly affected access and participation, contradicting both H₀₁ and H₀₂. Females and persons with disabilities reported poorer access, limited inclusion, and negative experiences due to uneven facility provision, inadequate accessibility, cultural and safety barriers. Integration of quantitative and qualitative results confirmed that structural inequity, exclusion, and unethical management substantially reduce park participation and satisfaction, particularly among marginalized groups. The study recommends equitable distribution of facilities across all urban recreational parks, improved physical accessibility including ramps and seating for persons with disabilities, regular maintenance and upgrades to ensure safe, functional, and inclusive environments for all users.