Biosynthesis of TiO ₂ nanoparticles via <i>Pleurotus florida</i> as a green nanotechnology-based strategy for multifunctional therapeutic applications

Abstract This study presents an environmentally friendly and green approach for the biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) utilizing the Pleurotus florida mushroom extract. The synthesized TiO 2 NPs underwent thorough characterization using sophisticated analytical methods. In the ultraviolet-visible spectrum investigation, the absorbance peak was seen at 214 nm, and the XRD findings confirmed that the anatase phase of TiO 2 was present. Based on the assessments of cytotoxicity, it was shown that the SK-N-SH cell line, which is the neuroblastoma from humans, exhibited substantial invitro cytotoxicity effects, with an IC 50 value of 96.79 μg/mL. The synthesized nanoparticles displayed significant antibacterial efficacy with the highest significant zone of inhibition reported for Salmonella enterica (16 mm), Proteus vulgaris (15 mm), and Staphylococcus aureus sub sp. (15 mm); the efficacy was against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, in vitro antioxidant evaluation confirmed their ability of nanoparticles to scavenge the free radical. At a concentration of 1,000 μg/mL, the nanoparticles displayed 68.18 % α-amylase inhibitory activity, exceeding the standard reference, and demonstrated 86.02 % anti-inflammatory efficacy. This pioneering study underscores the potential of P. florida -mediated TiO 2 NPs as multifunctional bioactive agents, paving the way for their application as eco-friendly nanodrugs in biomedical and pharmaceutical domains.