Impaired Cognitive Domains in Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The prevalence of preoperatively impaired cognitive domains was the highest in executive function, followed by visuospatial function and attention/working memory/processing speed. Identifying commonly impaired cognitive domains may help optimize cognitive assessments in the perioperative setting. Further research is needed to clarify the clinical utility of assessing specific cognitive domains in surgical populations to improve postoperative outcomes and reduce cognitive deterioration.