Multistage Electrocardiographic Profiling for Mental Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemia in Women: A Prospective, Age-Matched Cohort Study in China

Multistage ECG analysis, particularly heart rate variability, captures electrophysiological signatures of mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia and enhances noninvasive detection. These findings support a paradigm shift from single-phase, ischemia-focused ECG interpretation to dynamic, multivariable assessment, providing a foundation for early identification and personalized risk stratification in women with nonobstructive coronary disease.